Word: esophagus
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...hiatus is simply an opening, the word being derived appropriately from the Latin verb hiare, to yawn. The esophagus (gullet), which carries food from the mouth to the stomach, passes through a hiatus in the diaphragm, the muscular wall that divides the chest and abdominal cavities. A hernia is a rupture, or break, usually in a muscle, that permits an organ to protrude through it. A hiatal hernia is an enlarged opening at the point where the gullet goes through the diaphragm. A relatively small hernia will permit the lowest part of the gullet to slide upward into the chest...
Burp Speech. Normal speech is impossible without a larynx, but thousands of patients who have had their larynxes removed because of cancer learn to speak by swallowing air and expelling it while they vibrate their gullet muscles. In this esophageal or "burp" speech, the esophagus (gullet) substitutes for the windpipe. Although the Ghent surgery team headed by Professor Paul Kluyskens would say only that Borremans' larynx had to be removed, his complaint was almost certainly cancer. Knowing that many laryngectomy patients fail to learn esophageal speech, Kluyskens decided that a new larynx would offer Borremans a great advantage...
Though he is still officially on the staff of Baltimore's Sinai Hospital, Berman gave up his general practice in 1962. During a busy career as a surgeon, he pioneered such things as plastic replacements for worn-out human parts (he created a plastic esophagus for cancer victims), made one of the first heart transplants between dogs in 1957, and at the peak, earned $80,000 to $90,000 a year. After making big sums in Maryland real estate, he became bored with medicine. "I enjoyed it for 15 years," he explains. "Then I found I didn...
...report. Based on a review of more than 2,000 research studies made in the past three years, the report repeats that cigarette tars can cause lung cancer; it depressingly documents further evidence that the weed can bring on peptic ulcers, aortic aneurysm, cancer of the larynx, mouth, pharynx, esophagus and bladder. A two-pack-a-day smoker aged 55 to 64, says the report, has 34 times more chance of dying of lung cancer than a nonsmoker. But an equally grave danger may be coronary heart disease caused by the massive doses of nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarettes...
...migrate to the small veins of the bowel, where the female lays innumerable eggs every day, sometimes for years. Many eggs are swept into the liver and other organs. They cause irritation and scarring in the liver (which leads to enlargement of the spleen), intestinal damage, bleeding from the esophagus, stunting of growth, anemia and blood in the urine. Though surgery to remove the spleen gives the patient some relief, it does not eliminate the flukes, which go right on laying eggs...