Word: espectador
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...hailed as the savior of Colombia. But one year later Rojas' tragic flaw-the strongman's inability to accept criticism-began to show through. With a heavy hand he began censoring newspapers, finally suppressed Bogotá's two leading dailies, El Tiempo and El Espectador. From there his path led only downward. His soldiers and cops shot down political opponents and students. By spending uncounted millions on arms and post-exchange luxuries aimed at keeping his military supporters loyal, he used up most of the coffee-prosperous country's-gold reserves and ran up an exorbitant...
...were passed from hand to hand and read avidly. But the reprints were not the only notable news reports in circulation. Two important Bogota dailies, both suppressed by Rojas Pinilla, popped up again last week under pen names. Internationally respected El Tiempo reappeared as El Intermedia (Interlude), and El Espectador as El Inde-pendiente. In makeup, typography and content, down to the smallest detail, both papers were identical with their forerunners. Such transparent disguise presumably meant that Strongman Rojas, smarting under criticism, was willing to let them start up again with only a legalistic switch in names...
...Strongman-President Gustavo Rojas Pinilla has been carrying on a clumsy feud with the country's traditionally free-swinging press. Last week Rojas discovered that he had stumbled again. His latest press-muzzling maneuver, an attempt to fine two of the country's largest Liberal dailies (El Espectador and El Correo) into oppositionless silence, had backfired. Rojas found himself faced by a "Freedom of the Press Fund," supported by public subscription, to pay the penalties, should he decide to levy similar fines in the future...
...Espectador was fined $2,500 for asking editorially whether it was true that 2,000 political prisoners were being held under inhuman conditions in the steaming plains of eastern Colombia; El Correo, published in Medellin, was rapped with an equal fine for an article regarded as disrespectful to constituted authority and the armed forces...
...money and pledges poured in from private citizens to pay the fines, El Espectador and El Correo politely declined the assistance, pointing out that they were well able to pay the fines themselves. But the National Press Commission, worried about the effect of such fines on smaller, less prosperous newspapers, announced that it would accept donations to pay possible future penalties. As the freedom fund grew, El Espectador continued its opposition, published a cable from former President Eduardo Santos that said tersely, "The fines with which you were honored serve once again to arraign the Office of Information and Propaganda...