Word: established
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Awad was born in East Jerusalem, the part of the city annexed by Israel from Jordan after the 1967 war. He moved to the U.S. in 1970, became a U.S. citizen in 1978, and in 1985 returned to his homeland to establish his center. Awad's current troubles with Israeli officialdom began in the spring of 1987, when he sought to renew the residency permit he had been issued in 1967. The authorities rejected his application and ordered him to leave the country when his tourist visa expired in November. He refused to go, arguing, with strong support from...
...memos and reports used in the case by Edell establish that tobacco- company executives were aware in the early 1940s that medical researchers were linking smoking to cancer, a connection the industry still denies. A 1961 report produced by Philip Morris listed the specific cancer-causing ingredients in cigarette smoke, concluding, "Carcinogens are found in practically every class of compounds in smoke." Another study, prepared the same year by the Arthur D. Little consulting firm for Liggett, stated, "There are biologically active materials present in cigarette tobacco that are (a) cancer causing (b) cancer promoting (c) poisonous (d) stimulating, pleasurable...
Cipollone chose L&M, she explained before her death, partly because of the testimonials by celebrities in the company's ads. Said she: "I remember they used to be so glamorous. They always used to wear evening gowns." Defense lawyers sought to establish that Cipollone was an intelligent woman who made a decision to keep smoking despite plenty of signs that it was risky. As evidence, they introduced 115 articles from TIME, 47 articles from Reader's Digest and even lyrics from popular songs like the 1947 hit Smoke, Smoke, Smoke, which included the words "Puff, puff...
...help resuscitate the pro bono cause, the legal world's No. 1 revenue earner announced an extraordinary program to encourage lawyers to give legal aid to the needy. As a supplement to the time that its lawyers volunteer, the New York City megafirm Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom will establish a $10 million legal fellowship program to place 125 new law school graduates with legal-aid groups around the country over the next five years. "This fellowship is a further way for us to demonstrate that large law firms are concerned about the public interest," says Executive Partner Peter Mullen...
...aspiriation to professions usually comes before the aspiration to pure scholarship," says Vendler of the pattern to create a minority middle class. But now, Blacks and Hispanics have begun to establish a middle class and can afford to venture into teaching, she says. "I would think there is a large enough Black middle class that their children can be scholars...