Word: estados
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During the past 100 years Brazil's 29 rulers have included Portuguese monarchs, populist revolutionaries, fascist generals and moderate republicans. Regardless of era or ideology, all have faced a common adversary: O Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil's foremost newspaper. On a continent where journalistic rebels perish quickly and most surviving publications are servile in spirit, O Estado stands out as a durable, responsible independent. The paper so treasures its freedom that last month, on the 100th anniversary of its founding, it publicly still admitted to only 95 years of independent existence; the years 1940-45 are excluded...
Some Crusades. Before and after that interregnum, three generations of the Mesquita family have maintained the paper's integrity. Politically, O Estado has remained moderately conservative. Thus the paper has retained a power base among the rich while occasionally fighting for progressive causes. Julio Mesquita, grandfather of the present director, Julio de Mesquita Neto, was the son of landowners who gave up law for journalism. During the 1870s the paper crusaded successfully to abolish slavery. After the monarchy was overthrown, Mesquita supported the creation of a republic. Later, many regimes tried to suppress O Estado, and Mesquita was once...
...Twice Mesquita Filho was forced into exile. By 1964 he was back in Sao Paulo wielding political influence himself. He plotted with the military to overthrow leftist Joao Goulart, whom he suspected of heading toward totalitarianism. Once in power, however, the new rulers turned authoritarian, and O Estado again found itself in opposition...
...correspondent in Recife publicly identified the chief of Fourth Army intelligence; the reporter was severely tortured, but finally let go. Other O Estado stories on student protests, strikes and treatment of political prisoners have brought pressures from the police...
...staff is large enough - 445 reporters, stringers and editors - to pro vide the most comprehensive coverage of any South American paper. Despite a dull format, the paper is required reading for Brazil's professional classes. Such prestige brings in more advertising than O Estado can use. Though circulation is modest (198,000 daily, 300,000 Sunday), earnings this year may total $5.4 million...