Word: estados
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...ever ready to conciliate to hold his power. He reorganized the courts to make justice available to the poor as well as the coffee barons. He gave Brazil the 48-hour week, a minimum wage, pensions, vacations with pay. He also banned strikes, abolished Congress and founded the Estado Novo, an "authoritative democracy" complete with a fascist-type constitution, press censorship, and a home-grown gestapo. When the Nazis swept over Europe in 1940, Vargas proclaimed: "It is not the end of civilization :>ut the beginning, tumultuous and fecund...
...Pattern. Vargas never lost touch with Brazil's poor and underprivileged, but by war's end, the Estado Novo was discredited. The army, announcing that the country was overdue for democracy, forced Vargas to resign, and he went into self-exile at his Rio Grande do Sul ranch from which he emerged this year...
Salazar began immediately to construct his Estado Novo. He announced that the New State would be based on two great calls for social reform-the Rerum Novarum of Pope Leo XIII and the Quadragesima Anno of Pius XI (see RELIGION). But however lofty may have been his inspiration, Salazar's execution was on a quite different pattern, one already known and hated as Fascism: free thought was abolished, the individual became subordinated to the state, the human bill of rights was suppressed and the secret police became the main arm of government. Soon little boys, well-shod and sporting...
...onlooker, teenaged, tuberculous João do Nascimento, was unappreciative. Like thousands of others, he had tried for two years to get into one of the Government sanatoriums (3,324 beds for 75,000 tuberculous Portuguese), growing steadily weaker while indifferent functionaries of the Estado Novo shuffled his papers. Rashly João complained to a friend: "There is always plenty of money to finance processions, but to take care of the sick such as myself there never seems to be a penny...
...lasting friend. Although round little Dictator Vargas frequently makes fascist noises and although his country is well stocked with Germans and Italians, it distresses him to hear that many U. S. citizens think he would be the tool of Hitler or Mussolini. Truth is that internally the Vargas Estado Novo (New State) is about as autarchic as they come, but in external relationships Brazil wants no territory, needs protection, is hungry for foreign capital. This fits in neatly with U. S. foreign policy, so Senhor Vargas is a friend...