Word: estrogenic
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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When is it a good time to take estrogen? Every new study on hormone replacement therapy and menopause seems to confuse the question further. Taking estrogen and progestin has been linked to increased risks of heart disease, stroke and even breast cancer in postmenopausal women. But what about taking estrogen alone, for women who have had their uterus or ovaries removed? Studies have suggested that there's a critical, age-dependent window before menopause during which the hormone - either the body's natural estrogen or that which is introduced during therapy - is protective. Now, two new, related studies...
...Obstetrics & Gynecology, Parker found that hysterectomy with removal of the ovaries increased women's risk of dying from heart disease. More recent studies also support the idea that leaving the ovaries intact benefits women's long-term health because ovaries continue to release significant amounts of the necessary hormones estrogen and progesterone after menopause. Still, physicians have not seen the expected decrease in the number of hysterectomies, and rates of oophorectomy are climbing. The reasons: Parker says that doctors have not learned many of the new alternative techniques, which can be difficult to master, and insurance companies continue...
...male-female kind--may play a role in how people become addicted as well. Studies have shown, for instance, that women may be more vulnerable to cravings for nicotine during the latter part of the menstrual cycle, when the egg emerges from the follicle and the hormones progesterone and estrogen are released. "The reward systems of the brain have different sensitivities at different points in the cycle," notes Volkow. "There is way greater craving during the later phase...
...This telescoping effect, they now know, has a lot to do with the way women metabolize alcohol. Females are endowed with less alcohol dehydrogenase--the first enzyme in the stomach lining that starts to break down the ethanol in liquor--and less total body water than men. Together with estrogen, these factors have a net concentrating effect on the alcohol in the blood, giving women a more intense hit with each drink. The pleasure from that extreme high may be enough for some women to feel satisfied and therefore drink less. For others, the intense intoxication is so enjoyable that...
...more answers, researchers are taking a closer look at the youngest post-menopausal population - women between 50 and 59 who are most in need of hormone therapy to relieve menopausal symptoms. Already, they are finding that the way estrogen is delivered can make a difference: the patch form of the hormone combination leads to fewer clots than the pill form, since the liver is not engaged as intensely in processing the estrogen when it comes through the mouth, and does not produce as many clotting factors with the skin-based estrogen. "Hormone therapy is an evolving story...