Word: ethanol
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There are solutions that can reduce global-warming pollution and preserve a healthy climate for our children. We must invest in innovative clean-energy sources--from wind turbines and solar panels to biofuels such as ethanol--and use off-the-shelf technologies to make more fuel-efficient cars. These technologies will stimulate new markets, reduce our dependence on foreign oil, save consumers money, enhance our national security and reduce global-warming pollution. The time...
Even Bush acknowledged that it will have little or no impact here. The bill calls for nearly doubling production of the fuel additive ethanol by 2012 but does little else to reduce U.S. dependence on foreign...
...take ethanol, the gasoline substitute manufactured today mostly from corn. It currently takes a lot of harsh chemicals to process ethanol, but microbes could do the same thing. "I think it's doable within this decade," says Patrinos, "that we will develop a superbug that can make that conversion in a very clean way." Indeed, JGI, in collaboration with the San Diego-based biotech company Diversa, is sequencing communities of bacteria from the guts of termites in an effort to find genes that make hydrogen and ethanol. It's also looking for genes that enable microbes to metabolize radioactive waste...
...into business because he thought he could do good, are helping the technology mature. Novozymes, the $1 billion, Copenhagen-based company he leads, sells microbes and enzymes made from genetically engineered bugs that improve consumer products and make dirty industrial processes more environmentally friendly. But as the volume of ethanol brewed in the U.S. has doubled since 2001, to 3.4 billion gal., the farm-fuel business has become Novozymes' fastest-growing source of revenue...
Enzymes that help transform cornstarch into ethanol are fairly run-of-the-mill in biotech terms. The same can't be said of those needed to brew bioethanol from indigestible plant fibers. Making enzymes efficient and cheap enough for that has long been an obstacle to a viable bioethanol industry. Canada's Iogen is the only biotech firm to have shipped a batch of commercial bioethanol (see main story). But Novozymes is making waves as well. It announced in March that with $17 million in U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) funding, it had reduced the cost of enzymes for making...