Word: ethiopia
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Landlocked Ethiopia once had a seacoast. It fringed the strategic waters where the Red Sea runs into the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. In the 19th Century the British, the French and finally the Italians each grabbed themselves a wedge of Ethiopia's shore. In their portion called Eritrea (pop. 1,000,000; area 50,000 sq. mi.), the Italians of Benito Mussolini's Fascist era rebuilt the old city of Asmara. From Eritrea the Italians launched their conquest of Emperor Haile Selassie's domain. It took World War II to drive the Italians...
National Assembly to decide between independence and federation with Ethiopia. Foreign Minister Ato Abte-Wold Aklilou, Haile Selassie's spokesman, insisted that Eritrea belonged to their country, was Ethiopia's rightful window on the sea. Fourteen other nations, including the U.S., moved that Eritrea be given home rule within a great Ethiopia. The committee approved the resolution, dispatched it to the full Assembly...
...Secretary of State under Hoover, he sternly warned that the unchecked Japanese invasion of Manchuria (in 1931) held the threat of a new war. When Manchuria led to Ethiopia and Ethiopia to the Rhineland and war in Europe, Franklin Roosevelt urged the old man to forget his Republican leanings and become his Secretary of War. Elder Statesman Stimson went back to Washington...
...something to suffer in silence and loathe from a distance. Then it closes in until it engulfs him: it forces him to join the party or lose his job; it turns his wife and daughter into prattling Mussolini worshipers; it sends his oldest son (Massimo Girotti) to fight in Ethiopia, Spain, Albania and Russia and claims his two younger sons for the Battle of Sicily...
...Rome last week Rodolfo Graziani, once a field marshal of Italy, stood nervously before a military court. Twitching his thin lower lip and fingering a monocle, the Fascist conqueror of Ethiopia heard a fellow officer declare him guilty of military collaboration with the Germans during World War II. The admiral and four generals who made up the court rejected Graziani's proud plea that he had simply done a soldier's duty. Graziani, they decided, had gone well beyond the call of duty when he joined Mussolini's German-supported rump government after Italy surrendered...