Word: ethiopia
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...campus, in the Soviets' latest enterprise, is the Horn of Africa, the stretch of real estate that is strategically placed along the Red Sea routes vital to Arab oil trade (see map). There the Soviets are simultaneously cultivating a new interest-Ethiopia-while trying to remain on good terms with an old friend -Somalia. Since the two African countries dislike one another intensely, the Soviet effort is delicate work...
...aggressively, although the long-range benefits of this effort are not yet clear. With client regimes in power in Angola and Mozambique, the Russians have buckled a kind of Red belt of influence across the middle of the continent. Now if they can hold on to Somalia and bring Ethiopia into their orbit, they will have hooked a suspender onto the belt. Meanwhile the other gallus is shaping up along the Atlantic coast of Africa, involving Zaire, the Congo, Benin and Guinea-Bissau...
These twin projections of Soviet influence reaching northward alarm the Arab states situated above black Africa. "Angola yesterday, Zaire today, Sudan tomorrow," worries the prestigious Cairo daily al Ahram. What troubles the Arabs particularly is that if the Soviets can pull both Ethiopia and Somalia firmly into their orbit, they may successfully create an axis of influence along the African Horn that in time of crisis could give them control of the Bab el Mandeb Strait linking the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden...
...ETHIOPIA. Pop. 28 million. Chief export: coffee. Religions: Christianity (Coptic) and Islam. A military government with increasingly Marxist orientation. The armed forces, numbering 50,000 men, have been equipped until recently by the U.S. The regime is embattled on several fronts. One is the northern province of Eritrea, where the Sudanese-supported Eritrean Liberation Front, after more than a decade of fighting, claims it controls two districts and has Ethiopian forces pinned down in other urban areas. Another is the Somali border, where Ethiopians and Somalis have quarreled. Meanwhile the French Territory of Afars and Issas, with its key port...
...Numeiry and Somalia's Red-lining President Mohamed Siad Barre, the Marxist President of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen and the leader of the Yemen Arab Republic. They set aside differing political views long enough to agree on a pan-Arabic, pro-Moslem program against Ethiopia. Meanwhile neighboring Saudi Arabia, which has been pushing aid to Somalia in hopes of wooing it away from Moscow, is urging the U.S. to provide arms. The Saudis made the same pitch two years ago, but the U.S. demurred. The grounds: such a move would offend Washington's good...