Word: ethiopia
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Black Africa, This zone of instability, from Chad to the Horn, is a battleground where Arab guerrillas are pitted against black governments, and African rebels against Arab regimes. In a sense, two of the stubbornest rebellions-the civil war in the southern Sudan and the Eritrean uprising in northern Ethiopia-are extensions of the Arab-Israeli conflict to the north. The situation in the Sudan has been further complicated by the Soviet Union's powerful thrust toward the Indian Ocean...
Other possibilities include Former Chilean President Eduardo Frei; Ceylon's U.N. Ambassador Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe; former U.N. Ambassador Endalkachew Makonnen of Ethiopia; and Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan of Iran, uncle of the Aga Khan and U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees. When the points are added up, however, it is hard to beat the score of a certain soft-spoken Asian who comes from a small, neutral, underdeveloped country that recognizes Peking, who has kept on reasonably good terms with both superpowers, and who reflects what one diplomat calls "a comfortable level of mediocrity." As a result, some believe that...
...most new countries, the first Presidents and Premiers were primarily freedom fighters, with scant experience in statecraft. Still, few nations have leaders more dedicated or imaginative than Tanzania's Nyerere, Niger's Hamani Diori and Zambia's Kenneth Kaunda. Kenya's Jomo Kenyatta, like Ethiopia's Emperor Haile Selassie, is an elder statesman who has imposed a degree of stability on his heterogeneous country. Of the soldiers who now rule nine African nations, at least two-Nigeria's Yakubu Gowon and the Congo's Joseph Mobutu-have restored order to their countries after...
Desperate Poverty. Despite Africanization programs aimed at placing political and economic power in indigenous hands, a grating degree of dependence on Europe persists. Small wonder: when the Belgians withdrew, the Congo had 13 college graduates; when the French left, Gabon had none. Of 34 Black African airlines, only Ethiopia's uses black captains on its major runs (though several use African pilots on local flights...
Symington's subcommittee also uncovered, for the first time, details of secret agreements with Ethiopia dating back to 1960, under which the U.S. has armed a 40,000-man army at a cost to the American taxpayer of $159 million. Although the extent of U.S. arms assistance to Emperor Haile Selassie is still cloaked by security, State Department officials admit that U.S. bombs and ammunition have been used against insurgent rebels and that U.S. military advisers supervise the training of Ethiopian troops. In defense of this agreement, Assistant Secretary of State David Newsom told the subcommittee that disclosures about...