Word: ethiopia
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Despite its magnitude, the Ethiopian evacuation is relatively orderly. Traveling on foot for as long as eight weeks from their homes in the drought- ridden northern provinces of Eritrea, Tigre and Welo, the refugees stop at makeshift rest camps provided by two of Ethiopia's major antigovernment guerrilla organizations, the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (E.P.L.F.) and the Tigre People's Liberation Front (T.P.L.F.). The refugees move largely at night; otherwise, they might be attacked by Ethiopian air force planes. In one widely reported strafing run on a refugee column last month, Ethiopian jets killed 18 travelers and wounded...
Zeno's comments highlight the fact that behind the images of famine, drought and disease that flicker across television screens in the West, there is another cause of Ethiopia's disaster: civil war. Many of the refugees are fleeing not only starvation but the policies of the Communist government of Lieut. Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam as it pursues a harsh strategy aimed at subduing two long-festering insurgencies centered in the country's northern provinces. In the process, the Soviet-backed government stands accused of violating promises that it made to Western aid donors, particularly the U.S., that it would...
...paradox of the swelling exodus is that it is taking place while individuals, international charities and governments have begun pouring food and other supplies into Ethiopia at record levels. Typical is the case of Mohammed Idriss, 60, and his family of eight. Their home village is in Tigre (pop. 4 million to 5 million), where drought and famine have struck the hardest. The house they left sits on a hill overlooking one of the Ethiopian government's largest refugee camps and emergency feeding centers. Almost from his doorstep, Idriss could see trucks and aircraft ferrying in some of the thousands...
Those tactics appear to be part of a government strategy to force an end to Africa's longest-running war. For 23 years, Eritrean guerrillas have been battling governments in Addis Ababa. The prize is control of their 45,400-sq.- mi. homeland, a former Italian colony absorbed by Ethiopia in 1962 during the rule of the late Emperor Haile Selassie. In the mid-1970s, the insurgents were joined in the struggle by Tigrean guerrillas demanding greater autonomy for their 25,400-sq.-mi. province. The insurgencies have intensified in the years since the 1974 coup against Haile Selassie that...
...Israeli involved in the resettlement program: "They are coming here less than ill clothed, less than ill fed and without homes. We have had to start from scratch." In fact, some arrived at Ben Gurion International Airport carrying nothing but water pails, cherished possessions in drought-stricken Sudan and Ethiopia. Many suffer from malnutrition, malaria, tuberculosis, jaundice, typhus and tapeworm. "I had to go back to my textbooks to look up some of these diseases," said an Israeli doctor...