Word: ethiopia
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Sudan's largely black, non-Muslim minorities, who inhabit the southern part of the country, had already been seething with resentment over what they regarded as persistent discrimination by the Arab-dominated central government. Encouraged by Libyan Leader Muammar Gaddafi and by the Marxist government of neighboring Ethiopia, pockets of armed rebellion have erupted in a number of southern regions. While fighting to subdue the rebels, Nimeiri must protect himself from periodic attempted coups. As one U.S. State Department official puts it, "We've got some concerns about the stability of the country...
...last August. The Reagan Administration has tried to help Nimeiri, providing more than $200 million in economic and military aid in 1983. The Sudanese leader has been pressing the U.S. for more arms for his poorly equipped troops, claiming the need to defend against possible attacks by Libya and Ethiopia. The U.S. is reluctant to comply, however, suspecting that the requested weapons might actually be used against the southern insurgents. "Egypt also has failed to respond, possibly due to misgivings over Nimeiri's Islamization campaign. Helicopter gunships, in particular, would aid the Sudanese army's antiguerrilla campaign, which...
Political oppression has taken its own savage toll. Early last year Nigeria expelled 2 million Ghanaian workers to ease the mounting problems it faced trying to provide work for its own population. Some 700,000 ethnic Somalis, victims of a protracted war with Ethiopia, live in refugee camps within Somalia. The Sudan shelters another 637,000 refugees, including secessionist Eritreans who have been forced to flee Marxist-oriented Ethiopia, as well as 200,000 Ugandans. The Ugandan refugees have fled in two waves: those escaping the brutal policies of former Dictator Idi Amin in the '70s and those...
Independence, paradoxically, has not freed most of Africa from the yoke of foreign domination and meddling. Cuban soldiers act as proxies for the Soviet Union in Angola and Ethiopia; East German military advisers are present in Mozambique and Ethiopia. The regime of Ethiopian Chairman Mengistu Haile Mariam has paid homage to Moscow by erecting a statue of Lenin in Addis Ababa. Mengistu allows the Soviets to maintain a naval base on the Dahlak Islands in the Red Sea. Libya's Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, often with Moscow's backing, has emerged as the continent's chief troublemaker. Gaddafi...
...willingness of Africa's leaders to confront their parlous economic circumstances has eroded the appeal of Soviet Marxism. Except in Ethiopia, Angola and Mozambique, Moscow's attempts to play on the anticolonialist sentiments of Africans have foundered. For one thing, Africans have discovered that education, customs and trade still tie them more closely to Western Europe. They have also observed that experiments in Marxist socialism have largely been unsuccessful. One of the best examples is resource-rich Ghana, where the four-year-old government of Flight Lieut. Jerry Rawlings, 36, now faces an economy teetering on the brink...