Word: ethnicization
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...using guns and machetes to slaughter their enemies. Though the casualties represented Nigeria's worst death toll in several years, the "middle belt" of Africa's most populous nation--the intersection of its mostly Muslim north and predominantly Christian south--has been racked by sectarian violence before. Religious and ethnic riots in Jos killed about 1,000 people in 2001, and hundreds more died in a nearby city...
...Kirkuk where the disputes seem most intractable. At its simplest, this is an old-fashioned turf war. The Kurds want the city and its hinterlands to be folded into the northern province of Kurdistan. Turkomans (a distinct ethnic group sharing ancestry with modern Turks) and Arabs would prefer it to remain outside Kurdish hegemony, in the separate Tamim province. Each group points out that the city was once ruled by its forebears. All know that outside Kirkuk is one of Iraq's largest oil fields. Also at stake is the larger, constitutional question of whether Iraq should have a powerful...
Brought together largely by e-mail and city-wide text messages, Indians from across the country's religious and ethnic spectrum marched together in Mumbai. The rally's most conspicuous demographic, though, was of another sort altogether and one rarely seen massed in protest: the affluent middle class. "This is surreal," says Dhruv Wadia, a young advertising professional, pointing to a gaggle of middle-aged women, a few sporting Louis Vuitton handbags. "All the aunties have showed up." (See a video of Mumbaikars taking to the street...
...else of the same race is a major faux pas. But only in some cases: Mixing up the names of two Caucasians might annoy them, but it’s no cause for outcry or debate. On the other hand, mixing up the names of two people within an ethnic minority seems to represent a more damning error, a revealed ignorance of diversity within that ethnic group. This double standard is unfair. Mixing up two people of the same race only betrays lack of a properly attuned eye, not dormant stereotypes or racist tendencies...
...defensive response on the part of the speakers is that they have had a history of interacting with people who are offended to be confused with others of their race. This indignation on the listener’s part is also misplaced. People of all races fail at identifying ethnic minorities. When I was traveling in Tanzania last summer, my two Caucasian traveling companions, a redhead and a brunette, were constantly frustrated that many Tanzanians couldn’t differentiate between them. They didn’t understand that the marker of hair color was overlooked by Tanzanians...