Word: ethnicization
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...some 300 miles north of Nigeria's largest city, Lagos, sits smack-dab in the center of Nigeria's tumultuous "middle belt," a so-called cultural fault line that divides the country's Muslim north from the Christian south. The "middle belt" is a melting pot where the major ethnic groups of Nigeria - Hausa-Fulani Muslims and Yoruba and Igbo Christians - usually coexist peacefully but sometimes collide. (See pictures of the two sides of Nigeria...
...Many Nigerians argue that the real reason for the violence isn't ethnic or religious differences but the scramble for land, scarce resources and political clout. Poverty, joblessness and corrupt politics drive extremists from both sides to commit horrendous atrocities. Although the nation rakes in billions of dollars in oil revenue annually, the majority of Nigerians scrape by on less than a dollar a day. In Plateau State, where Jos is located, Muslim cattle herders from the north and Christian farmers from the south vie for control of the fertile plains...
...election could be crucial in determining whether Iraq continues on a path toward stability, independence and democracy, or plunges back into the kind of vicious civil warfare from which it has just emerged. Previous American-sponsored elections produced a series of sectarian and ethnic leaders who proved unable to resolve fundamental issues regarding the future of the Iraqi state - from the sharing of oil revenue, to the boundaries of disputed territories and the balance of power between the central government and the regions. And when gridlock in Baghdad was at its worst, the country went up in flames...
...European and American diplomats say Bosnia's territorial integrity is not up for debate and have warned that any referendum risks inflaming the country's already shaky ethnic balance. "The international community will not tolerate any attempt to undermine the territorial integrity or sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina," Valentin Inzko, the High Representative, emphasized last week after a meeting of the Peace Implementation Council, a body of 55 countries and agencies that still serves as the ultimate authority in Bosnia. In theory, Inzko has the power to cancel a referendum or remove any Bosnian politician from power - including those...
...Ultimately, says Grebo, a long-time campaigner for human rights and peaceful ethnic co-existence, the only secure future for Bosnia is through further European integration by joining the European Union and NATO. Most Bosnians agree. It's just the getting there that's difficult...