Word: ethnicization
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...social studies concentrator in Leverett, Lam studies urban education in the United States. She is writing her thesis on cultural competency: preparing educators to teach students from different ethnic backgrounds...
...forays, such democratic dissent is squelched by repressive governments that are taking the lion's share of any investment profits. Still, tensions can bubble up in surprising ways. In July, an al-Qaeda wing in North Africa vowed to target Chinese immigrants living there as revenge for the recent ethnic strife in China's largely Muslim Xinjiang region. The next month, riots against Chinese traders broke out in the Algerian capital Algiers, where residents accused the foreigners of failing to respect Islam. Last year, nine Chinese oil workers living near the Darfur area of Sudan were kidnapped by an unknown...
...Indeed, battles over how to carve up Iraq's oil revenues between the country's bitterly divided ethnic groups have stopped parliament from signing a national hydrocarbon law originally drafted in 2006. After previously insisting that they would not do business in Iraq without a legal framework governing central issues such as revenue-sharing, oil executives now are resigned to the fact that it may be years before a law is forthcoming...
...Afghan soldiers, there's no sign of an effective Afghan security force capable of fighting the Taliban. Desertion rates are high - 1 in 4 soldiers trained last year, by some accounts. So are rates of drug addiction. Most important, the most effective elements of the military are dominated by ethnic Tajiks, which does little to help win support of the Pashtuns, the country's largest ethnic group and the one among which the insurgency is based. Unlike Iraq, Afghanistan had no powerful army or strong state before the U.S. went in - nor does it have the oil wealth that allows...
...patronage to broker local support. Corruption and nepotism may be just as much as a symptom of the weakness of the central government as its cause. Even in the times of greatest stability, Afghanistan has been governed from the center via a loose consensus among powerful regional and ethnic leaderships. Karzai might, in fact, have been governing the way a leader without a major national political base of his own deems it necessary to survive in a post-U.S. Afghanistan. And putting his government under stronger Western tutelage risks further undermining his legitimacy in the eyes of many...