Word: europeanization
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...current French government represents the first real attempt by European democracies to organize a nation along U.S. State Department policy lines. It is the first and crucial test of Secretary Marshall's plan to dehydrate world communism. If a rightist government can be made to stick and operate efficiently in a country that traditionally mixes its politics with its wine, then the prospects for successful remote control of other countries such as Italy look very bright...
Many other Siamese remembered Phibun with less pleasure. When he first made himself Siam's dictator, in 1938, he forbade Siamese to go without hats or shoes, to chew betel nut, to sit on the streets, to wear the panung (native skirt), or to dance to American and European music. In official photographs, shoes and hats were painted on unshod, hatless peasants. Phibun ordered officials to kiss their wives when they left for their Government offices. Violators of Phibun's decrees were whisked off to "self-improvement centers." When the Japanese took over Siam, Phibun collaborated with them...
...seen the world-by request. His traveling days began unexpectedly back in 1930 when Dictator Vargas rode into Rio at the head of his gauchos and kicked out President Washington Luiz and cabinet, including Foreign Minister Mangabeira. For the next four years, Mangabeira lived in eleven European countries. He went back to Brazil, spurned a Vargas peace offering and had the courage to blackball the dictator for the Brazilian Academy of Letters...
...chamber music and orchestral compositions (including the now famed Schelomo) in a two-day festival. Composer Bloch, now 67 and clean-shaven, has never written any tunes that are hummed in every U.S. household. But musicians rank him, along with Stravinsky, Hindemith and Schoenberg, as the best of the European expatriates now in the U.S. Bloch knows as much about strident dissonances and spastic rhythms as the next man, but he is their master, not their servant...
...founder of Jones & Laughlin Steel, has subsidized a publishing house (New Directions) that has scorned the usual commercial limitations of the U.S. book business. Ready to face financial losses, Laughlin has put out cheap reprints of modern classics (e.g., Alain-Fournier's The Wanderer), little-known but excellent European books and works by young American writers which no other publisher would take a chance...