Word: europeanization
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...unbelievably clumsy attempt to stir internal dissension, Nikita Khrushchev dispatched "personal" letters to the Socialist Parties of seven Western European nations. "Any widening of the conflict around Syria may drive Britain into the abyss of a new, destructive war, with all is terrible consequences for the population of the British Isles," Khrushchev wrote to Britain's Labor Party. "We hope that plans of organizing military intervention against peaceful Syria . . . will be condemned by the Labor Party." With the sole exception of Italy's fellow-traveling Pietro Nenni, Western Europe's Socialists rebuffed Khrushchev's overtures with...
...says a European economist, "the most fateful decision in postwar German history." At first it was touch and go as people rushed to buy suddenly unrationed goods. But Erhard shrewdly counted on merchants and farmers to bring out of hiding carefully hoarded goods, figured these would fill the gap until new production could get rolling under the stimulus of freed prices. "Na, Frau Muhr," he would ask his secretary each day, "are there still any textiles left in the shop windows this morning?" As prices soared, outraged citizens hoisted "Erhard to the Gallows" banners, and trade unions demanded a return...
...cigar, Ludwig Erhard has remained true to his staid Franconian upbringing. Though he now wears glossily tailored blue suits, their lapels are usually sprinkled with ashes. His youngest daughter is married to a Daimler-Benz executive. The son-in-law used to work for the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community in Luxembourg, but Erhard nagged .so persistently that a young man belonged not in a deadening bureaucracy but in "competitive private enterprise" that he finally changed jobs. "Germany has substituted the commercial man for the bureaucrat," proclaims Erhard...
...intercession forced Erhard to accept a compromise bill permitting exceptions for "crisis" cartels and retail-price-fixing rings. "Damned little butter for such a big slice of dry bread," snorted Erhard as the Bundestag passed the bill. Yet even this watered-down law makes Germany the first European country to take a stand in principle against "associations in restraint of competition...
Erhard also succeeded in enshrining in the new treaty creating the six-nation Common European Market five stiff rules banning all agreements to prevent, restrict, or distort competition within the Common Market. Like Britain's Chancellor Harold Macmillan, he is a devoted believer in free trade among all nations. This does not make him an enthusiast for the Common Market. He fears it may become "an island of protectionism in Europe" because of pressure from the weaker economic members, especially France. "Why should I want to throw out controls and to abolish tariffs on a national level only...