Word: europeanization
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...seals, and other relics, mostly purchased with funds from the Bliss endowment. The library and collection are the nucleus for the studies of Byzantine scholars, junior fellows on renewable appointments, resident profesors, who are members of the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and visiting professors, mostly from the European centers of Byzantine studies. The administration of the Research Library is handled by the Trustees of the University, on whom falls the task of annually selecting an Administrative Committee, a Board of Directors, and a Visiting Committee...
...Professor Milton V. Anastos. These gentlemen, supplied with funds from the Bliss endowment, spent a great deal of time and effort on obtaining as much source material as possible for the institution. As such material is not only rare but obscure, cablegrams often had to be dispatched to European dealers in order to save various documents from the grasp of other Byzantinists...
Byzantinology is not just a complicated subject; it is a relatively modern discipline, having been for a long time an unwanted stepchild of the classicists. Gibbon and Voltaire condemned it, but W.E.H. Lecky summed up their objections in his History of European Morals, written in Victorian England in 1869. Said Lecky, "Of that Byzantine Empire, the universal verdict of history is that it constitutes, with scarcely an exception, the most thoroughly base and despicable form that civilization has yet assumed... The Byzantine Empire was preeminently the age of treachery." It has taken many years to overcome the stigma of Victorian...
...While European students generally get by without constant grading, grade consciousness is instilled in the American youth all through school, culminating in a terrific batery of tests his last year in school. It is felt that this grade emphasis stimulates much of the learning in American education...
Minor obstacles like graduate school admission and Selective Service classrank could almost certainly be overcome, but scientists' opposition would present a stronger check. John H. Van Vleck, Dean of Engineering and Applied Physics, contends that courses are necessary in the sciences; saying that the European emphasis on reading and tutorial applies reasonably only to the Humanities and Social Sciences. "You can browse around in literature," he says, "more easily than in scientific disciplines and the laboratories...