Word: europeanization
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...dealing with African nations, the Communist powers have certain advantages over the European countries and even the U.S. For one thing, they are untarnished by the history of African colonialism. The irony is that in the postwar era, while Western Europe, with U.S. prodding, was carrying out one of the greatest dismantlings of colonial power in history, the Russians were busy creating an empire of their own in Eastern Europe. Nonetheless, the Russians are free to identify themselves unambiguously with the African liberation movements, something the U.S. has rarely been able to do because of its close relations with...
...save 1,300 whites stranded in Stanleyville (now Kisangani) during the Congo's Simba rebellion. But they were still acutely aware that the enduring problem was that of a continent unable to govern its own affairs. As the Zambia Daily Mail observed, "The almost casual ease with which European powers can fly into an African country and airlift its nationals or occupy whole towns is making the very concept of African independence meaningless...
...devastated European section of Kolwezi, where houses had been shattered and looted by both sides (Zaïrian troops walked off with whatever the rebels had left behind), houseboys by habit padlocked gates and tended gardens, waiting for their employers to return. In Brussels, however, the majority of white survivors insisted that they would never go back, out of fear that a reign of terror in which so many friends had lost their lives could be repeated...
...European exodus would mean economic disaster for Zaïre, which does not have enough competent black technicians and managers to run the shuttered copper mines that provide about two-thirds of the country's foreign exchange earnings. Belgium's mine holdings were nationalized eleven years ago, but Belgians continue to run them and to export much of their product to Europe. Even if all the whites who worked at the vast Gé;camines mines that dominate Kolwezi could be lured back, it could still, after the last weeks' destruction, require up to a year...
...government officials on Argentine political prisoners, and is backed by, among others, the West German Protestant Church. Anti-Argentina protesters in France bombed a travel agency offering World Cup tours. An assailant unsuccessfully attempted to kidnap Michel Hidalgo, the French team's manager. Nor was such violence by European protesters the only source of worry. West German officials, concerned about possible left-wing terrorism during the series, and mindful of the 1972 Olympic massacre at Munich, insisted on sending with their squad twelve members of the GSG-9 anti-terrorist commando unit that freed 86 skyjacked hostages at Mogadishu...