Word: europeanization
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...benefit the left. Moreover, much of the pending legislation in the Assembly was hatched while Chirac was still Premier; this blunts any credible Gaullist opposition to these measures. But the Gaullists will stay arms-length from the President from now on. They may oppose direct elections to a European parliament and object to ratifying the International Monetary Fund accords reached last January in Jamaica, an agreement they view as symptomatic of Giscard's shift to supranationalism. Beyond these skirmishes, the two men are, in the words of Historian Chariot, "condemned to get along." Chirac told Wierzynski, "I will...
...landing in Brussels, Kissinger threw himself into a series of mini-shuttles and summits. He called on King Baudouin, met with Crown Prince Hassan of Jordan and conferred with the European Community Commissioner for External Affairs, Sir Christopher Soames. There were also sessions with seven Foreign Ministers, notably Turkey's Ihsan Caglayangil and Greece's Dimitri Bitsios, both engaged in critical negotiations on the future of Cyprus...
Amidst the ringing praise for his wisdom and charm, darker moments in the complex relationship between the European-born U.S. Secretary and the Continent's leaders were mostly forgotten. The much-vaunted Year of Europe that Kissinger had advocated in 1973, without prior consultation, had outraged the allies. In the oil crisis and embargo of the same year, Kissinger privately described the Europeans as "craven" for failing to stand up to the oil producers. He exacerbated troubled U.S. relations with Greece and Turkey during the Cyprus invasion of 1974. Yet, as the Europeans well-and gratefully-realized...
...since their futile June 1953 riot in East Berlin, but lately they have become restless. Since the spring, 200,000 of them have sought permission to emigrate, obviously taking seriously the promise of freer travel and reunification of families made by the East Berlin regime when it signed the European security accord at last year's Helsinki Conference. But only 10,275 exit visas have been granted, and most of them to elderly people. Applicants have frequently been fired from their jobs and been subjected to police searches. Some have been severely beaten by "indignant citizens" working...
Military ventures get a similar cost-benefit analysis. A Rand researcher in 1973 suggested that efficiency could be determined by defining military output in terms of "the capability to destroy 1000 tanks in a 90-day Central European war scenario, or the capability to deliver a given amount of bomb tonnage in Southeast Asia." His formulas did not include significant variables representing such factors as a ravaged European countryside or a decimated village in Vietnam...