Word: europeanization
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...when the representatives of 29 European Communist parties met in East Berlin last week (see THE WORLD), many of the leaders not only ringingly announced their independence from Moscow but insisted that in the West, at least, the only way of gaining power was through reliance on a magic word. The word is democracy, which Western European Communists now claim to espouse. It was in its own way quite a tribute to that conservative revolution...
Under normal circumstances, Soviet Communist Party General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev might have arrived in East Berlin for last week's summit meeting of 29 European Communist leaders by train. But instead of making the leisurely 27-hour railway journey across Poland to Germany, Brezhnev flew to the summit by Ilyushin jet. Out of view but scarcely out of mind was the huge jumble of rails ripped from the tracks near Warsaw late last month by rioting Polish workers. Indeed the mass strikes protesting food price hikes that swept across Poland provided a fitting background for the uneasy, restless mood...
Spain's stocky Santiago Carrillo argued that the Communist movement was no longer a "church" with "its own martyrs and prophets," and believers who celebrate the Russian Revolution "like Christmas." Referring obliquely to repressive Soviet and East European regimes, he called for transforming Spain into a democracy without "dictatorial methods, recognizing political and ideological pluralism and with full respect paid to the result of general elections." The publication of Carrillo's speech in the East German party newspaper prompted a local television technician to remark: "That's the best thing I've read in Neues Deutschland...
...class populations: the different work habits and expectations workers brought to new factories from their diverse backgrounds; the social and cultural continuities in the lives of craftsmen and artisans during America's industrializing period; and similarities between forms of American working-class collective protest and those of their "premodern" European counterparts...
...Europe, Asia and Africa mostly owe their existences to accidents of geography or language, the fortunes of war or interference from imperial powers. But the U.S., to a very great extent, is the product of its citizens' own ingenuity. Faced with an untamed wilderness and distances their European forebears could barely comprehend, the settlers who came to colonize the new land responded by becoming a nation of tinkerers, backyard inventors and, ultimately, technologists. Now, lacking a wilderness but confronted with challenges as great as those faced by their ancestors, mid-20th century Americans are responding similarly. In university...