Word: europeanization
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...system whereby flexible, fast-paced companies were attached to every regiment of the line. Lord George Germain, Britain's Secretary of State for the American Colonies and a leading advocate of an aggressive policy, remarked when Howe was appointed that no other officer was so well qualified to teach European soldiers how to fight from "behind trees, walls or hedges...
...Both Howes are justly famous for being concerned about the welfare of their men. Sir William, for instance, was reportedly shocked by the high number of British casualties during the frontal assault on Bunker hill, which he led last summer. He is known to subscribe to the new European doctrine that pitched battles are less important than tactical maneuvering in winning wars. Continental officers were nevertheless astonished when Howe did not follow up the hard-won victory at Bunker hill by an immediate advance on the American camp at Cambridge, which would surely have fallen...
...superficial answer is: Of course. In the basic necessities, America is more self-sufficient than any European country. Advocates of independence point out that 95 percent of the more than 2.5 million Colonists are farmers, and that besides the produce they themselves grow, they can depend on an abundance of wild game and fish. The average American, unlike his counterpart in England, builds his own house?right down to finishing the nails?and he has to go no farther than his wife to obtain his clothes...
...plenty to sell. American food, from salted New England cod fish and flounder to Carolina rice, is much needed in Europe and the West Indies. American shipbuilders, using cheap lumber from nearby forests, can turn out high-quality ships for 20 percent to 50 percent less than their European competitors. As a result, almost one-third of the 7,700 vessels in Britain's merchant fleet were made in the Colonies. American ironmakers, centered in Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey, have also proved that they are as good as any in the world. Already, America produces one-seventh...
Britain banned the export of all arms to America two years ago, and the powder in Continental muskets now comes mostly from France, which has closed its eyes to the activities of both European and American gunrunners. So far, however, supply has not even begun to keep up with demand, and American soldiers are severely rationed, with a daily allowance at times of only nine musket rounds per man, v. 60 for each redcoat. This shortage has given rise to a sizable and complex business...