Word: europeanization
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...number of other European countries, including The Netherlands, West Germany, Italy, also enforced Sunday driving bans...
...problem. Washington Correspondents Johanna McGeary, Gregory H. Wierzynski and George Taber followed President Carter throughout the talks and on an odyssey that included state visits to Japanese and Korean leaders. Hong Kong Correspondent Ross H. Munro and members of the Tokyo bureau kept tabs on the European and Canadian delegations to the summit, who were housed, inconveniently enough, some miles away from the U.S. envoys. "The heavy security was a joke to some correspondents, an annoyance to others," said Tokyo Bureau Chief Ed Reingold. "We were scrutinized by more police at more places more times than anywhere in the world...
Backstage the Europeans were pressing for a pledge that all the industrial countries freeze oil imports through 1985 at last year's level. Unfair, protested Carter's aides. By drawing on increasing output from North Sea wells (expected to nearly double from last year to 1985), the Europeans could freeze imports from outside the Community and still burn more petroleum than ever. In the U.S., where domestic oil output has been declining (down about 700,000 bbl. a day since 1972), a freeze on imports would cause more hardship. Japan, which is totally dependent on imported oil, took the same...
...last year, when the start of shipments from Alaska temporarily held down imports. But it would be a low enough ceiling to force curtailment of some cherished petroleum-wasting habits such as lavish outdoor lighting displays, and it might extend or worsen the present prospects of recession. The Europeans accepted the principle of setting country-by-country limits, and of applying them to consumption as well as imports, but held off actually working them out until after a meeting of the nine-nation European Community later this year...
...Estaing that the Americans "haven't even started" to curb wasteful use of oil. Once the sessions began, however, Carter's principal opponent was not Giscard but German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, who conducted what the American President wearily described to aides as a filibuster in favor of the European plan; the difficult personal relations between the two had rarely been more strained. Among the newcomers to economic summitry, Japan's Ohira, the chairman of the meeting, seemed to his colleagues to be unable to control the discussions. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher again came across as a very tough leader...