Word: europeanization
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Carter Administration, the most pressing and stormiest question concerning the Shaba invasion was the nature and extent of the role played by the Soviet Union and by Cuba, which now has 20,000 soldiers and 4,000 civilians based in Angola. In addition, the U.S. and its European allies were concerned about how to extend some limited military support to the Zaïrian government of President Mobutu Sese Seko...
...African states. Last weekend U.S. transport planes began flying French troops out of Zaïre and replacing them with Moroccans as the first units of a peace-keeping command. But unless the legionnaires are replaced by a force more stable than Mobutu's army, many of the 12,000 Europeans still in Shaba may well leave. Said a Western diplomat in Lubumbashi: "The expatriates are sitting on their luggage. They do not believe the Zaïrian forces are capable of controlling the situation. If the European troops go, they...
...foot soldier, but it buys only enough meal to feed a family for about two weeks. Social services in Zaïre are almost nonexistent, and there is corruption everywhere. At night, after the 6 p.m. curfew, small groups of soldiers appear and begin taking "collections" from the public. For Europeans this practice can be upsetting; for Africans it can be brutalizing. Says a European resident in Lubumbashi: "The army is trying. But the officers simply have no control over their...
Many of Washington's European allies in NATO remained skeptical about the degree of Cuban involvement, and there was no hard proof linking the Cubans to the Kolwezi operation. But documents uncovered and radio traffic have led Western intelligence analysts to speculate that the Shaba rebels were trained by Cubans who had been assigned by Havana to reconstruct the Katangese liberation movement. The difference between the organization, equipment and indoctrination of those who invaded Shaba last year and that of this year's rebel troops was said to be noticeable...
Within the M.P.L.A. leadership there appears to be a split along racial lines. Neto is an assimilado, meaning a Portuguese-speaking Angolan who in colonial times had the same privileges as a European. His wife Maria Eugenia da Silva is white?a fact that prompted the appearance of mysterious posters in Luanda demanding "Morte a rainha branca " (Death to the white queen). An unsuccessful coup last year led by former Interior Minister Nito Alves, an Angolan black, may have been triggered by the ethnic split...