Word: europeanization
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...many European democracies, everybody is automatically registered upon turning 18. In Italy, where absentee ballots are not available, the government organizes special trains from the nations of Northern Europe so that immigrants can make trips--sometimes of thousands of miles--to vote in their home-towns. As a result, the democracies of Europe routinely see political turnouts of more than 80 percent...
...foreign country? Yes, indeed. For America in the 1980s, a modest export can represent a major industrial breakthrough. Cases in point: Chrysler Chairman Lee Iacocca announced in September that for the first time in nearly ten years, the automaker would begin selling U.S.-made autos in six West European countries -- and at prices lower than those of competitive models. Earlier this year the largest U.S. steelmaker, USX, sold 20,000 tons of hot-rolled bands to an Osaka tube company at a price some 12% below what Japanese producers were offering...
...seemed overwhelmed by a malady known as Europessimism. Now the mood is closer to Europhoria. And with good reason: from Scandinavia to Italy, most countries are enjoying annual economic growth in the comfortable 2%-to-4% range, stock markets are strong, and corporate profits are robust. Most impressive, West European exports have surged by 33% in the past three years, from $689 billion in 1983 to $916.4 billion in 1986. With the U.S. alone, Western Europe enjoyed a trade surplus of $18.2 billion last year, a sharp contrast to the $2.9 billion deficit...
...major competitor to America's Boeing in the passenger-jet market. Last month Europe confirmed its successful lift-off in the space market by hoisting two communications satellites into orbit atop an Ariane rocket. While the U.S. space shuttle remains grounded, Arianespace, the commercial arm of the 13-nation European Space Agency, has in eight years put a total of 19 satellites in space and signed an additional 44 launch contracts worth $2.38 billion...
...fundamental and positive changes are taking place. In several European nations bloated and inefficient nationalized industries are shrinking in size, losing government subsidies and, in many cases, being turned over to private enterprise. The British government has sold to the public major shares of its national airline and telephone and gas companies. In France Conservative Premier Jacques Chirac is carrying out a sweeping reversal of the nationalizations that Socialist President Francois Mitterrand engineered in the early 1980s...