Word: europeanization
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...creation." That was how Dean Acheson, Harry Truman's Secretary of State, described the crucial role of American officials in the birth of postwar Europe. Conceiving the Marshall Plan and midwifing NATO, U.S. officials went on to deploy America's power at its zenith to shape the framework of European security for two generations...
...what is the role of George Bush and Secretary of State James Baker in creating the emerging post-postwar European order? Until now the U.S. Administration has seemed like a father pacing in a waiting room: proud that things have come so far, intensely interested in the outcome, but not able to do much more than drum his fingers -- and worry quietly about whether the baby will be healthy...
Baker's ideas for recasting the structures of U.S.-European cooperation -- dubbed "Bakerstroika" by British pundits -- were a first cut at answering a question implicit in the collapse of the Iron Curtain and the end of the cold war: as the Soviet military threat shrinks, what does Europe need with the U.S.? The decline of Soviet power, the growing vitality of the European Community and the rush to reunify Germany require the U.S. to contemplate European ties based less on fear of Moscow's intentions and more on healthy economic and political competition...
...member body that includes the two superpowers, has met periodically since it produced the 1975 Helsinki agreement, which ratified postwar borders and set minimum human-rights standards. But a single country's veto blocks decisions there, making it an awkward vehicle for asserting U.S. leadership in Europe. The European Community, on its part, cannot accept the U.S. as a member. That leaves NATO, where the U.S. has long been first among equals, as the heavy lifter in Baker's refurbished Atlantic house. By encouraging the alliance to become the main forum for setting Western defense policy, Baker wants to upgrade...
...European allies praised Baker's scheme. France and Britain welcome the U.S. as a counterweight to the colossus of a future reunited Germany, though France objects to ceding greater authority to NATO. And Germans themselves seem relieved that the U.S. is determined to remain a European power. Worry is widespread in both Bonn and East Berlin that East Germans' mounting anger at the Communist regime, coupled with emotional longings for "one German * fatherland," could result in violent demonstrations that would paralyze the government. The new leader of the East German Communist Party, Gregor Gysi, last week appealed...