Word: europeanization
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Hong Kong's traders, retailers and carvers -- about 3,000 people in all -- are already suffering from the U.S., European and Japanese bans. Kwong Fat Cheung Ivory once employed 100 carvers. Now there are five, all old men, who at night can be found sitting around a table eating a silent dinner of silvery fish, cabbage and egg. Behind them is a wall of ivory tusks in burlap sacks that were destined for Taiwan until that country declared a ban in August. "There is nothing to give them to do," says Eddie Huen, one of five brothers...
...aims at balancing the books by 1993 through a combination of tax increases and spending cuts. Similar targets have been set and missed before, but this time a new sense of urgency comes from the danger that Italians may start sending their savings abroad when capital movements in the European Community are freed next year. Bank of Italy Governor Carlo Ciampi warns that "a change in the handling of public finances is mandatory," because "every delay increases the burden on us and on future generations." That's not Mastroianni talking...
...rhythm -- lots of rhythm -- that accounts for the new craze, and a good deal of the beat comes from the state of Bahia. There, in the Brazilian equivalent of the American Deep South, African tribal dances are blended with European sounds to create the insistent samba; the afoxe, associated with the Afro-Roman Catholic Candomble religion; and the chugging, accordion-dominated forro, which blends African rhythms with Portuguese folk music. Says U.S. guitarist Arto Lindsay, co-producer with Peter Scherer of the latest album by an eminent Brazilian performer, Caetano Veloso: "In Bahia and the north you find the purest...
...their strong rhythmic foundation, Brazil's composer-performers add spicy blends of European melodies and unique harmonies. Maria Bethania, 43, first achieved prominence in 1965, when she substituted for the ailing star of a Rio musical. Her dark, husky voice shares a certain androgynous quality with those of some of Brazil's other top performers. Bethania's brother, Veloso, 47, is -- along with Gilberto Gil -- one of the main exponents of tropicalismo, the buoyant music of the student generation that emerged during a period of military dictatorship after 1964. That style advocated the rights of blacks, reintroduced strong Afro-Brazilian...
...quarter-century after the bossa nova, U.S. musicians, led by the likes of David Byrne, are rediscovering Brazil's spicy mix of African rhythm and European melody...