Word: europeanize
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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This in itself does not contradict the radiocarbon-dating results, but other aspects of Wilson's research do, most notably a chronology that appears to track the shroud back long before 1260. Wilson finds several European references to what appears to be the shroud in the early 1200s. But more important, he seems, through historical detective work, to have connected it to something called the Edessa Cloth. A historically well-documented object of reverence in Constantinople for 350 years, the cloth disappeared when the Crusaders plundered the city in 1204. Most Byzantine witnesses described it as being a mystically precise...
...with French pianist Claude Bolling's big band. Smith describes being hounded for autographs by fans as young as 12 who can rattle off jazz history, whereas "kids back home don't even know who Billie Holiday is." Still, he hopes to move back to the States, describing the European scene as ultimately limiting. "Jazz belongs to Americans," he says. "You want a real croissant, you go to Paris, but you want a real pizza, you go to New York, you go to Chicago." Sticklers and Neapolitans might take issue with his analogy, but grant Smith--a real deal himself...
...reads the Feb. 2, 1659, entry in the diary of Jan van Riebeeck, leader of the Dutch East India Co.'s settlement at the Cape of Good Hope. His words were written just five years after European vines were first planted at the southernmost tip of Africa. By the 18th century, South African Muscats were being served in Europe's royal houses; Napoleon drank a bottle a day during his exile on St. Helena. Jane Austen prescribed Cape Constantia wine for the brokenhearted Marianne in Sense and Sensibility. Though listed as products of the New World, Cape wines are being...
...South Africa's parliamentary capital, already has its place among the world's notable tourist destinations. But few foreign visitors know that hidden behind the massive, flat-topped Tafelberg (Table Mountain) that overlooks the city is another world. A 45-minute drive from Cape Town will place you amid European scenery, blue mountains, farm boundaries of fir and wattle, wide sheltered valleys and a climate that is virtually Mediterranean. The Paarl ("pearl" in Afrikaans) region, largest of the country's vineyard areas, is at the southern-hemisphere latitude equivalent of Spain's renowned Sherry region. Visitors to Constantia, Paarl...
...country firmly on the international travel map. Newly plunged into global markets, the Cape wine industry has expanded its traditional, highly regulated, conservative marketing base and drawn in Germans, French, Swiss, Italians. Russians and Californians as investors in South African grapes. Some of the leading Cape estates now boast European winemakers; Zelma Long and Phil Freese, well known in Sonoma, Calif., are in a joint vineyard venture with Michael Back, owner of Backsberg, a top South African estate. At least one prestigious California wine company is hoping to buy a Paarl farm. A score or so of local wine farmers...