Word: evens
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Philosopher. Both ancestry and environment made Maurice Gamelin a soldier. He was born in 1872 (the year after the Franco-Prussian War) in Paris at No. 262 Boulevard St. Germain, just across from the War Ministry, in whose shadow he played war games as a child. His mother even painted a charming picture of him at the age of 20 months, beating a toy drum (see cut, p. 20). On his father's side he was descended from at least five generals, one of whom served under Louis XVI. His father, Zephirin Auguste Joseph Gamelin, became Controller General...
...Even the few anecdotes about this thoroughly professional little man take on some of their subject's small, neat dignity. Last year, visiting a Chasseurs' encampment on a mountain plateau, he shook hands with familiar oldtimers and then was taken to the picket line to see some of the St. Bernards who do the outfit's liaison work. Gravely the General kneeled down and shook hands with the best of them...
...would pass goods on to Germany, limited Dutch imports. Dutch exports of bulbs and diamonds fell along with needed imports. Meat exports increased in 1914 and 1915, dropped in 1916 and 1917 as Germany ran out of gold. Shipping was the great Dutch source of profit during the war; even though submarines and mines sank 199.975 tons of Dutch shipping, the total merchant tonnage of The Netherlands increased from 1,297,409 to 1.574,000 between 1914 and 1919. In 1915 the Holland-America Line paid 50% in dividends; in 1916, 55%. Gross profits of 17 largest Dutch steamship companies...
...farmers outside the South were far from unemployed. Food prices rose even higher than the prices of industrial goods. As more and more wheat lands went out of production in Europe, wheat reached a dizzy $2.33 a bushel, and U. S. farmers borrowed heavily to increase their acreage; the total farm mortgage debt for the U. S. increased from $3,320,470,000 in 1910 to $7,857,700,000 in 1920. And during this same War decade the average value of farm land in the U. S. rose from $39.60 an acre...
...Every major economic change produced by war, even the creation of new industries, is a dislocation which upsets the world for a long time afterward. Every neutral which had a war boom in 1914-18 had a post-War depression when its wartime markets were lost. In the case of the last war, after the first depression of 1921, the neutrals settled down to a decade of struggle with the recovering belligerents for the markets of the world...