Word: exam
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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LAWYERS Cram, Cram, Cram The law's last vestige of ordeal by fire is a legal torture called the bar exam. In New York, for example, it is a 14-hour grind that requires coping with 40,000 facts in order to solve 192 legal conundrums of which the simplest might be: Is a promise made by A to B and C, to induce them not to rescind their contract, enforceable by B and C against...
...admission to the bar of that state. Yet most U.S. law schools shun rote rule learning in favor of broad theory and legal reasoning. The great schools are the most detached. Bright Harvard-men, steeped though they are in constitutional law, do not necessarily do any better on bar exams than graduates of less prestigious schools that teach more local law. Last summer 73% of Harvard's candidates (and 65% of all candidates) passed the New York exam, as did 73% from Fordham...
Started ten years ago in Los Angeles by U.S.C. Law Professor G. Richard Wicks, the California Bar Review (or "Wicks Course") is now attended by 1,200 of the 1,600 law graduates cramming for next month's California bar exam-a three-day inquisition spanning 16 subjects, some of them not taught in top law schools. The ten-man Wicks faculty claims to cover the equivalent of an entire law-school year in eleven taut weeks, during which students plod through 50 lbs. of course outlines. In addition to these labors, worried crammers often spend Sunday supplementing Wicks...
...Perception Proof? The bachot, or "bac," is drawn up by 30 eminent French professors, who submit it to the Education Ministry. Then the exam goes to the National Printing Office, where no printer sets more than a single line of type. The printed copies are kept in safes until three days before exam time, when envelopes containing the dreaded test are distributed to regional centers. At the same hour throughout the country, the seals are broken to start the trial that every French youth has worked toward for 16 to 18 years...
Busy Signal. Police got proof of the fraud only on exam day, but bureaucracy made it impossible to switch to a standby bachot. The decision to change, explained an official of the Marseille test center, could be made only by the exam results to be compared with a student's regular work. Those scoring suspiciously well will get an oral grilling. President Charles de Gaulle was so peeved by the inglorious mess that at a Cabinet meeting he asked his Education Minister: "Alors, Fouchet, and about this bac?" Replied Fouchet, with grumpy high-score logic: "The whole thing would...