Word: exempt
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Think tanks are privately funded, nonprofit, tax-exempt foundations dedicated to public-policy research. Traditional ones may be slightly to the right or to the left of center, but they have made a show of evenhandedness in presenting their research. In the depths of their Washington buildings, ideas simmered until they percolated into books and monographs that laid the foundation for legislation. "These groups," says James A. Smith, a historian at the Twentieth Century Fund in Manhattan who is writing a book on public-policy organizations, "were inspired by the belief that people of divergent political viewpoints and interests could...
...plan, Aqazadeh offered an unexpected concession. In the past, Iran had insisted that its production quota be twice as large as that of Iraq, with whom it has been at war for the past six years. But this time Iran dropped its usual demand. Iraq would be exempt from the agreement and could continue to produce at full capacity, about 1.8 million bbl. of oil a day. Iran would not really suffer either. It would keep pumping at present levels, lifting some 2.3 million...
Last year hard-liners like Richard Perle asserted that SDI was exempt from the treaty's constraints on development and testing because it is based on exotic technologies unavailable in 1972. This Philadelphia-lawyerly reading was hotly disputed, not only by the Soviets but by the American negotiators who helped draft the treaty as well. It would in effect render the ABM treaty meaningless and open the way to a defensive arms race in space. That is just what the Pentagon wants and what the Soviets are determined to prevent. After & months of wrangling, Shultz persuaded Reagan to adopt...
...courts were the league's last hope. In 1984 U.S.F.L. Commissioner Harry Usher and his owners had filed an antitrust suit. Though major-league baseball has been exempt from antitrust laws ever since a 1922 Supreme Court decision, other pro sports are not. Alleging that the N.F.L. had "willfully acquired and maintained a monopoly," the U.S.F.L. charged the older league with trying to drive it out of business, principally by leaning on the networks to withhold television contracts...
Northwestern has used tax-exempt revenue bonds to finance low-cost, variable- rate tuition loans (8% to 8.25% so far). Many of the loans, which have paid an average $6,000 apiece to about 4,500 borrowers in the plan's three years, are aimed at middle-class parents whose relatively comfortable incomes ($40,000 to $100,000) disqualify their children for conventional forms of need-based aid. In addition, the Massachusetts-based Consortium on Financing Higher Education, whose 30 members include Northwestern, Harvard, Yale and Stanford, provides supplemental $2,000 to $15,000 loans to the same kinds...