Word: exemption
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...hunting bans because past efforts to exploit the beasts commercially have driven their populations into precipitous decline. Countries that have well- managed elephant herds, including Zimbabwe, South Africa and Botswana, are eager to sell ivory, just as Norway and Japan want to kill whales. But conservationists are loath to exempt specific nations from the ivory-trade ban for fear that any traffic in tusks will bring a reprise of the rampant cheating that occurred before sales became illegal...
...essence of the ideas Secretary of State Warren Christopher was shopping around Europe last week as the U.S. sought support for a way to push the Serbs toward the peace table and end a slaughter that has taken at least 134,000 lives. The U.S. proposal is to exempt Bosnia from the U.N. embargo on arms sales and use air strikes to protect Muslim enclaves from Serb attacks until their forces are strong enough to defend themselves...
...designed to rally the public, but one that, if it failed, would not damage the presidency. "We didn't want to be stuck," says a senior official. Air strikes alone did not make sense, because they could not end the war. So the White House decided to try to exempt the Bosnian government from the embargo, and hoped that might push the sides toward a cease-fire and negotiations. Meanwhile the U.S. would use air attacks to keep the Serbs from grabbing all that remained of Bosnia while the Muslims were rearming. That would aim air power at a clear...
After more than two weeks of highly public debate and his own repeated promises to get tough, the President narrowed the possibilities to a two-step strategy. It centered on an effort to exempt the Muslim-dominated Bosnian government from the U.N. arms embargo, which requires Security Council approval, combined with limited air strikes in the interim, if necessary, to protect the Bosnian forces while they await arms, and to prod the Serbs toward serious negotiations. Along with stepped-up sanctions on Serbia, Washington hoped, a credible threat of force would obviate the need...
...toward air strikes to punish the Serbs, while Colin Powell, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, counseled against any involvement unless the U.S. used overwhelming force to win complete victory. But eventually they came to Clinton united. Neither wanted to commit American ground forces. Both were willing to exempt the Bosnian Muslims from the arms embargo. They agreed that air strikes would be unlikely to accomplish ambitious goals like rolling back Serbian territorial gains. Air Force Chief of Staff Merrill A. McPeak testified that his bombers could "put out of business" most Serbian artillery in Bosnia at "virtually...