Word: exhaustive
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Chevy alone outsell all Ford cars, Ford could not afford to stand idle while competitors were producing. But the U.A.W. could not long afford a joint showdown by the Big Three. The union might be faced with $12 million a week in benefits to jobless members, would soon exhaust its $40 million war chest...
...suppressor had cut jet noise below the level promised purchasers of the 707, making it slightly less noisy than a Super Constellation. The trick was done by breaking up the jet stream and funneling it through 21 narrow after tubes instead of one big tube. "The big, doughnut-shaped exhaust roar," said a Boeing engineer, "was broken down into 21 smaller, bagel-sized noises." The loss in efficiency: only 2% loss in thrust (v. up to 20% in earlier supressor devices), plus a 2% increase in fuel...
When spaceships start using nuclear power, they will have to take off from deserts with no unsheltered humans for miles around. Only the crewmen in their cabins will be fully shielded. As the ship departs for space it will blast a considerable area with gamma rays, neutrons and radioactive exhaust, and a new, unpoisoned site may have to be found for the next takeoff. But designers of nuclear rockets do not worry much about this sort of thing. In Nucleonics, a group of experts tell about current projects to soar into space by atom power...
...chief advantage over chemical rocket engines: its propellant can be liquid hydrogen, whose molecules are light and therefore move faster at a given temperature. The best possible chemical combination (hydrogen and ozone), burning at 5,000° F. and 500 lbs.-per-sq.-in. chamber pressure, gives an exhaust velocity of 13,000 ft. per sec. A nuclear rocket, using hydrogen at the same pressure and only 3,000° F., shoots it out the tail pipe at 19,000 ft. per sec. If the working temperature rises to 4,500°, the exhaust velocity approaches...
Since the efficiency of a rocket engine depends largely on its exhaust velocity, the nuclear engine has a big initial advantage, but it has to pay a high price. The engine itself, which must be cooled elaborately by the liquid hydrogen, will be about as complicated as a conventional chemical engine (see diagram). Its controls will be even more complicated, and all its delicate parts will have to perform perfectly in spite of intense gamma rays striking through them at takeoff...