Word: existence
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Several appealing versions of The Nutcracker exist on film or videotape. An especially familiar one is the American Ballet Theatre's 1977 production, a TV holiday staple starring Mikhail Baryshnikov and Gelsey Kirkland, both in their radiant prime. But Balanchine's remains the standard. His hero and heroine are children, and the first act contains a party scene that is the heart of the piece. Deftly and smoothly, it teaches a timeless lesson in deportment: how a child's natural greed and anger are coaxed into poise and good manners...
Within a few weeks after the first cases appeared, scientists suspected that the culprit was a variety of hantavirus, closely related to pathogens already known to exist in Europe and Asia. Researchers then established that the virus was carried by wild deer mice, and residents of the Southwest and West began taking special precautions to minimize their contact with the rodents. Finally, just over a week ago, scientists at the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta and the Army Medical Research Institute at Fort Detrick, Maryland, reported that both institutions had independently isolated the virus and grown it under laboratory...
Such outsider viewpoints -- from new Americans and even Native Americans -- can influence others to see the world in a different light. To dramatize how the forces that ravaged the buffalo still exist, Native American sculptor Bob Haozous constructed 100 steel buffalo, then videotaped art-gallery patrons fighting to buy the pieces before they were sold out. Korean-American Nam June Paik, whose influential multimedia artworks incorporate TVs and computers, says he was talking about the information superhighway in his own work long before it became a catchword. And architect Maya Ying Lin, the daughter of Chinese immigrants, designed the black...
...great wave -- of Germans (or perhaps more properly, German speakers) -- began. As Oscar Handlin pointed out in his classic study The Uprooted, most 19th century European immigrants thought of themselves not as ex-citizens of a national state (which, in the case of Poland, for instance, did not even exist) but as speakers of a common tongue, or residents of a particular village or province. The Germans were lured by the vision of unlimited economic opportunity and greater freedom than Central Europe offered in the post-Napoleonic...
...Chinese were rewarded for their labor with low wages, typically a third less than what white workers could earn. Even so, hostility forced them from many jobs as times got tough. Excluded from the mines and farms, many set up shop as laundrymen, a trade that did not exist in their homeland. They were ineligible for citizenship under a 1790 federal law that limited that privilege to whites. In 1882 Chinese workers were barred from entering the U.S. by an act of Congress that was extended indefinitely in 1902 and was not rescinded until...