Word: experimenter
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In one famous experiment, psychologists asked people to count the number of times men playing basketball in a video passed the ball.
In his classic 1984 experiment, John Duncan presented subjects with two pictures of squares with different kinds of holes in them and different dotted lines through them.
Sometimes, the randomly changing attributes overlapped--both patches turning red at the same instant for example--which made following along a little tricky. But 90 percent of the time, subjects could identify which patch was which at the end of the experiment.
Because the features of the patches changed as the experiment went on, the researchers ruled out the possibility that observers kept track of them by a constant difference in their characteristics.
In the previous experiment, the spin, color, and line spacing of the patches changed smoothly. But in this experiment, the researchers occasionally inserted simultaneous jumps in the gradients of all the characteristics and asked the subjects to keep track of these discontinuities.