Word: experts
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...question presumes she has good options," says Julie Blackman, a New Jersey-based social psychologist who has testified as an expert witness in abuse and murder cases. "Sometimes, they don't leave because they have young children and no other way to support them, or because they grow up in cultures that are so immersed in violence that they don't figure there's any place better to go, or because they can't get apartments." The shelter facilities around the country are uniformly inadequate: New York has about 1,300 beds for a state with 18 million people...
Many lawyers say it is virtually impossible to defend a battered woman without some expert testimony about the effect of that syndrome over time. Such testimony allows attorneys to stretch the rules governing self-defense, which were designed to deal with two men caught in a bar fight, not a woman caught in a violent relationship with a stronger...
Only nine states have passed laws permitting expert testimony on battered- woman syndrome and spousal violence. In most cases it remains a matter of judicial discretion. One Pennsylvania judge ruled that testimony presented by a prosecutor showed that the defendant had not been beaten badly enough to qualify as a battered woman and therefore could not have that standard applied to her case. President Bush signed legislation in October urging states to accept expert testimony in criminal cases involving battered women. The law calls for development of training materials to assist defendants and their attorneys in using such testimony...
Finally, many economists maintain that Clinton appears to be combining contradictory ideas that will cancel each other out. Paul Ellwood, a pediatric neurologist and health-policy expert who helped develop the managed-care idea, insists that his model cannot work in conjunction with price controls. Says he: "That would be like Yeltsin saying, 'We're going to introduce market forces here in Russia, but we're going to start out with the government setting the prices.' Price controls are not compatible with price competition." In Ellwood's system, costs would be controlled by competition among health-care suppliers to serve...
...ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, AFTER A curious delay, gave nonsmokers more ammunition to target smoking colleagues, relatives and restaurant patrons. It spent two years reviewing an expert panel's findings and finally concluded that exposure to secondhand smoke exacerbates bronchitis, pneumonia and other ailments in children and kills 3,000 adults through lung cancer each year. The report, which had seemingly run afoul of political considerations within the agency, was immediately denounced by the tobacco industry...