Word: exportability
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...export area, the Reagan Administration can claim that its cooperative approach has achieved mild success. Last year South Africa assured Washington that it would administer its nuclear program in line with the "spirit, principles and goals" that underpin the nuclear suppliers' trigger list. The Pretoria government promised that it would not supply nuclear technology, materials or equipment to any other country without International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards or the equivalent provided by the European atomic community, known as EURATOM...
Greater and more farsighted cooperation among nuclear suppliers is another necessity. The U.S. and other sellers need to update the export trigger list continuously, even if, as the Pakistan case shows, its mere existence is no defense against espionage or theft. Only more stringent, worldwide security measures will work in combating proliferation by criminal means. Supplier nations need to impose stiffer penalties on individuals and firms that either violate atomic export restrictions or fail to investigate the bona fides of would-be purchasers...
...continue to press its allies to bring export standards into line with the full-scope safeguard concept. That may take time and tact. Says former I.A.E.A. Official Fischer: "There is still suspicion in Western Europe of U.S. motives in pressing for full-scope safeguards." Pressure from Washington is sometimes seen by Europeans as a ploy to improve the U.S. competitive position. Nonetheless, Fischer notes, there has been a "very distinct change" in French export practices over the past decade. U.S. pressure has played a role in that...
...Angeles, a federal grand jury has indicted a U.S. citizen for exporting to Israel 810 high-speed precision switches known as Krytrons, in contravention of U.S. export laws. It is an open secret that Israel has its own atomic weapons program; Krytrons can be used as part of the trigger mechanism for nuclear arms. But Israel offered to return many of the switches, and the U.S. State Department accepted Jerusalem's explanation that it did not intend to use the devices in its atomic weapons program. Still, the incident demonstrates the ease with which highly sensitive technology necessary for nuclear...
...further example of Khan's activities came to light last year in Canada, during the trial of three Pakistani-born naturalized Canadians on charges that they had tried to circumvent local export controls. Two officials of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission allegedly asked the trio in July 1980 to buy various components for a device that can be used to spin high-speed centrifuges. The equipment is manufactured by General Electric Co. at a plant in Hudson Falls, N.Y., and at U.S. factories of Westinghouse Electric Corp., RCA Corp. and Motorola Inc. The three Canadians made ten shipments to Pakistan...