Word: exports
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Funds and Talent Needed For Russia's arms-export boom to continue, its defense industries need a huge infusion of fresh funds and talent. Russia's defense department buys only 15% of the weaponry the country's factories produce, while old customers such as India and China have begun producing their own weapons in the past decade or so. Unless Russia modernizes its factories, Moscow could lose more clients, says the Stratfor analysis. If that happens, the report states, "the Russian defense industry will be hard-pressed to keep from becoming irrelevant...
...particularly in China, where industrial production rose 8.3% year-on-year in March, retail sales surged 15.9% in the first quarter, and investment in fixed assets jumped 28.6% in March after rising 26.5% in February. But it's difficult to see how Asia can return to real growth with export demand dead in the U.S. and Europe - and no one expects a resurrection there anytime soon...
...nineteenth century, servicing of foreign debt absorbed almost 40 percent of Brazil's budget, and every country was caught in the same trap. Railroads formed another decisive part of the cage of dependency ... Most of the loans were for financing railroads to bring minerals and foodstuffs to export terminals. The tracks were laid not to connect internal areas one another, but to connect production centers with ports ... thus railroads, so often hailed as forerunners of progress, were an impediment to the formation and development of an internal market...
...agreements between the U.S. and other countries and would have implemented others with nations like Colombia had congressional Democrats let him. Expansions of free trade offer a potential first step to economic recovery: After all, in the beginning throes of the crisis in 2007, it was double-digit annualized export growth that kept GDP growing despite lagging consumption and investment...
...private army and imposes some of his own laws and taxes. Now Kadyrov is also expected to get his longstanding wish of international status for Grozny's airport, and therefore a full-scale customs operation. This will not only attract investment, but also, experts say, allow Kadyrov to export and import capital and travel as he pleases, giving him more independence from Moscow. "Ramzan [Kadyrov] knows he can make a lot of money with Chechnya as part of Russia," says Malashenko. "But he wants it to be special, like a foreign country within Russia's borders...