Word: exports
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...that Abdullah's critics aren't trying. Yes, farmer's incomes have increased, they say, but so has the cost of living, particularly in urban areas. Furthermore, a U.S. recession could upset Malaysia's export-led economy. Meanwhile, the Chinese and Indian populations are speaking out against a national affirmative-action plan that favors Malays in everything from education to government contracts. Indians, who are Malaysia's poorest ethnicity, are so frustrated that they have marched by the thousands in Kuala Lumpur in recent months. "We respected [the National Front] for a long time, but they haven't helped...
...space of conventional science fiction. Instead, he began to explore the "inner space" of everyday culture that was being shaped by consumerism, T.V., sex and celebrity - most of it American. The psychotic hero of his provocative, experimental novel The Atrocity Exhibition (1969) stumbles through chapters like Love and Napalm: Export U.S.A. and You: Coma: Marilyn Monroe. The character's own sense of reality seems to crumble along with the last vestiges of novelistic realism...
...that have the whip hand. Nearly all of them have so-called cultural-property laws that lay claim to any ancient objects found in the ground on their territory after a particular year--the cutoff year varies from one nation to the next--and make it a crime to export such material without a permit. A 1970 UNESCO convention has given those laws force in the courts of other nations, like the U.S., that have accepted it. Cultural-property claims by foreign nations are also enforceable in the U.S. under the ordinary law governing stolen property...
Unsurprisingly, having endured the Rutelli campaign, even museums that may have once played fast and loose have tightened their practices. But curators and museum directors complain that cultural-property laws prevent virtually anything from being exported lawfully, guaranteeing a continued black market even if museums don't take part in it. And they're exasperated by demands to return objects that entered their collections many years before the adoption of laws that bar their export. "We've acknowledged that some claims are reasonable," says Michael Brand, director of the Getty Museum. "But if you start claiming everything, it becomes impossible...
Site destruction--and the consequent loss of knowledge--is a cultural disaster for everyone. But is prohibiting almost any lawful export the best way to protect sites? Despite the spread of cultural-property laws, looting is on the rise. "The laws have failed," says James Cuno, director of the Art Institute of Chicago and author of the forthcoming book Who Owns Antiquity? "What they are doing is driving this material underground into black markets...