Word: exports
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Fukuda, like Abe, both support extending Japanese refueling, and they have other things in common. Their family political DNA runs deep. Aso's grandfather was Shigeru Yoshida, a China-bashing leader who called for Japan to rely on American military protection so it could focus on developing an export-led economy. Fast-forward half a century and Aso, a former Foreign Minister, staunchly supports the U.S.-Japan security alliance, while antagonizing China by defending visits of Japanese statesmen to Tokyo's Yasukuni Shrine, where war criminals are memorialized. Meanwhile, Fukuda's father was an LDP stalwart who while PM promoted...
...1960s, the Netherlands discovered huge deposits of natural gas in the North Sea. A windfall, right? Wrong. The discovery effectively hobbled Dutch industry, since any surge in revenue from natural resources - or from foreign aid, for that matter - tends to drive up exchange rates, making exports less internationally competitive. But thriving export industries, Collier argues, are precisely the reason for Asia's dramatic economic rise. They are also what Africa will need to develop in order to follow the same trajectory. Collier's idea seems to be sinking in: last month, the large international aid organization CARE announced that...
...could ultimately prove as critical to Iraq's future as the war: how to reorganize the country's mammoth oil industry after nearly 25 years of Saddam's dictatorship, international sanctions and bloody conflict. Oil revenues, which are potentially worth $70 billion a year--virtually all of Iraq's export earnings--are desperately needed to rebuild the shattered economy and end its overwhelming dependence on Washington. And oil companies from ExxonMobil to China National Petroleum Corp. are elbowing for position...
...officials estimate it will cost about $20 billion and take five years to repair and modernize the industry, whose infrastructure had been rotting for decades because of international sanctions and Saddam's mismanagement. Insurgents have been attacking oil pipelines since 2003. A key northern line that leads to the export terminal in Ceyhan, Turkey, has lain idle for months since it was blown up. The industry also faces skills shortages. Years of suicide attacks and kidnappings have drained the country of its oil engineers, who have fled...
...lost to smugglers.) The law would allow oil companies to explore hundreds of new oil fields under 10-year agreements and then 20-year production contracts in partnership with the government. Crucially, after paying a 12.5% royalty, foreign companies could export oil they find...