Word: extract
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...cotton rats and specially bred mice (by injection of certain strains of the virus). Because its symptoms-sore throat, fever, headache, nausea, muscle stiffness-are much like those of the common cold, polio is hard to diagnose in its early stages; the only sure way is to inject an extract from the patient's excreta into a laboratory animal. Some pertinent polio facts...
Inclosed in graphite blocks inside the pile, aluminum cans of various chemicals were being exposed to neutrons, which transmuted some of their atoms into radioactive isotopes. To extract such a can, the pile must be shut down by remote control lest a beam of neutrons follow through the aperture and wipe out the operators...
Then a heavy lead "coffin" rolled up the wall. Into it dropped an aluminum can to be taken to "hot cells" with yard-thick concrete walls. There, working with periscopes and tools which reached around corners, chemists would extract the isotopes it contained. All workers wore loose canvas covers over their shoes so that no "hot" particle could lodge in the leather and gnaw a dangerous lesion in their feet. The laboratory tables were topped with three-inch slabs of lead. Neatly stacked lead bricks gave additional protection to workers...
Gramicidin is not a mold extract, but is produced by bacteria. The development of penicillin was independent of our work with gramicidin...
...commercial workers (13,171). The annual per capita income of the 1¼ million population is only $6. Because there is just one 274-mile railway and little more than 500 miles of improved roads, oxcarts still carry the bulk of the country's cotton, tobacco, quebracho extract (tannin...