Word: eye
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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However, the complexity of the production means that no character holds the audience's attention for very long. Luckily, as the interest in one character begins to fade, another actor catches the audience's eye and holds on to the production's momentum, creating an ebb and flow that oddly enhances the production's own internal rhythm...
...Posttraumatic stress disorder, which affects Vietnam vets like Bill Noonan, is another good example. While the intellectual memory of emotions is routed through the hippocampus, a different, gut-level sort of memory can be involuntarily revived with terrible clarity by abnormal activity in the amygdala. "It's been an eye opener to me that individuals we study who were traumatized 25 years ago still show abnormal brain function," says Dennis Charney, head of psychiatry at the VA hospital in West Haven, Connecticut. "Severe stress can change the way your brain functions biologically...
...that first receives input from the retina, conscious visual perception would be impossible. V1 is a sort of clearinghouse, a place where incoming signals are split up and sent to the sites where they can be processed. But one patient, a 38-year-old man whose V1 for one eye was wiped out in an automobile accident, is also quite clearly aware of motion seen by the "blind" eye even when the good eye is covered. "We find," says Zeki, "that he is consciously aware of moving stimuli and of their direction. He will tell you that the bars...
...outside their window. You don't for a moment imagine Hopper on a scaffold outside the window or spying on the couple through a long lens. And yet the painting does evoke the pleasure, common to bird and people watchers, of seeing while being unnoticed; it does put your eye close to the window, several floors up; and this contributes a dreamlike tone to the image, as though you were levitating while the man and woman remained bound by gravity. This is not realism, but the scene is intensely real, a vignette framed in the dark proscenium of the window...
Just because scientists can measure these differences, however, does not mean they understand their causes. Are men born with better spatial abilities, or do they develop them by playing sports in which eye-hand coordination is crucial? Are women innately better at reading words and understanding emotions, or do they just get more practice? If heredity and biology are important, though, then it's a pretty good bet that the sex hormones are somehow involved. For that reason, researchers have begun delving into the effects of testosterone and estrogen on the brain...