Word: factionalization
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Many of the mourners soon dispersed, but some 40,000 continued to occupy the city hall plaza. Then, goaded by a far-left student faction, the crowd began marching up Taepyongno Street in the direction of the Blue House, the official residence of South Korea's President. The route was blocked off by riot police, who until then had remained out of sight. Within minutes the confrontation erupted into full-scale combat that lasted about two hours. Police fired pepper gas from five "black elephants," truck-mounted guns that spew out canisters at machine-gun speed. The protesters attacked police...
Through the winter and spring, the reformers had been balked by the doctrinaire Marxists, who were making a comeback after seven years of retreat in the face of Deng's reforms. The doctrinaire faction -- also known as conservatives and, even more confusingly, leftists -- blamed the reformers for last December's huge pro-democracy student demonstrations and launched a major campaign against "bourgeois liberalization." They vigorously attacked many of Deng's post-Mao changes, including greater artistic and press freedom and most moves toward capitalist-style economic reforms...
...Soviet moves have entangled the U.S. with allies who cannot stand scrutiny. A prize example is the financing of food supplies for guerrilla groups fighting the Soviet-backed Vietnamese occupiers of Kampuchea. Congress at one point forbade any U.S. aid to the Khmer Rouge, an out-of-power Communist faction that, when it ruled Kampuchea, launched a program of maniacal genocide. But relief officials in the area say some food paid for by the U.S. got to the Khmer Rouge anyway...
...White House decision may be preceded by a short, sharp battle between Administration right-wingers led by Meese and moderates headed by Baker. The Meese faction wants to cement conservative control of the Supreme Court; Baker's group wants to choose a nonconfrontational conservative who would arouse less than die-hard opposition from liberals in the Democratic- controlled Senate. "Even if we make a quality selection, it could well be a tough go," says a Baker aide. Liberal Senators, however, are in a weaker position to stall Reagan's choice than they would have been if Powell had delayed...
...Kims can be as rigid and unyielding as President Chun. They showed that last April, when they broke away from what used to be the main opposition faction, the New Korea Democrats, to form the Reunification Party. At issue was a power struggle with Lee Min Woo, a leader of the older party, who was willing to compromise with the government on the shape of national elections in exchange for concessions that included greater press freedom and the release of political prisoners. The Kims' walkout left Lee's New Korea Democrats with a greatly reduced bloc of 22 seats...