Word: factionalization
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Osama Bin Laden, it is easy to forget how a small group of young, middle-class Germans calling themselves the Red Army Faction (RAF) held postwar West Germany in its murderous thrall for more than two decades. In the late 1970s, at the zenith of the RAF's influence, the captains of Germany's Wirtschaftswunder traveled with armed bodyguards and avoided commercial airlines for fear of being blown out of the sky; police set aside civil liberties in a hunt for suspects that engendered something close to national hysteria. The RAF targeted and killed bankers, business titans, jurists, bureaucrats...
...second is appealing to the German President for early release. The prospect has stirred calls from some that Germany give no quarter to those who "mercilessly killed wives, men and fathers with the aim of destroying our democracy," as Volker Kauder, leader of the ruling Christian Democratic Union faction in the Bundestag, said recently. Others insist on a cooler approach. "Terrorism is a challenge for all of us," said Wolfgang Kraushaar, a political scientist at Hamburg's Institute for Social Research and co-author and editor of a 2006 history of the RAF. "But this was 30 years...
...Character Posters. Do you know, one of my students told me quietly that they had to write posters against me to protect themselves?'' At that juncture we did not know that the Cultural Revolution was in fact a struggle for power between the Maoists and the more moderate faction headed by Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping. It later became known that the chief party secretary at the conservatory, who belonged to Liu Shaoqi's faction, was murdered when Jiang Qing, Mao's wife, decided to replace him with one of her favorite young men. While we were sitting...
...Among the report's recommendations: Don't side with one faction in Iraq over another - history has shown that trying to pick a winner in a civil war rarely succeeds. Don't push for a three-way partition of the country as some in Congress have advocated - except for the Kurds, most Iraqis oppose it. Don't dump the problem on the United Nations, which isn't equipped to handle...
Gandhi moved decisively to quell the crisis, pressuring Punjab Chief Minister Surjit Singh Barnala to arrest an estimated 200 Sikh political leaders and extremist figures in predawn sweeps. Chief among them: Prakash Singh Badal, leader of a breakaway faction of the Akali Dal party, which rules Punjab state, and Gurcharan Singh Tohra, the powerful head of the state committee that manages Sikh temples. Tohra, who has been accused of appeasing terrorists, was detained after he announced he would abolish the special security force that since last summer has prevented the use of the Golden Temple as a haven for terrorists...