Word: facto
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...rule banning inter-House lunch at Harkness has been in effect since 1951, but College students have had de facto permission to eat there in previous years...
SEGREGATION IS NO SOUTHERN MONOPOLY. The vast Negro influx into Northern cities is spreading a new problem: de facto segregation. In New York City more than half the schools are in fact "segregated." Result: lower standards, poorer teachers, glaring evidence that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Last week proudly tolerant New Yorkers were reminded that the nation's leading unfinished morality play is being staged on their own doorsteps, as well as in Atlanta and Little Rock. For a provocative report on a subtle sociological disease, see EDUCATION...
With cool detachment, Northerners often view school segregation as a disease confined to the distant South. Yet many a Northern city is undergoing a vast Negro influx, a consequent white flight to the suburbs. With the newcomers forced into black-belt housing, de facto segregation prevails in urban public schools throughout the North. So goes the pattern in Chicago, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia-a steady proliferation of conditions contrary to the spirit of the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 ruling that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal...
Last week the problem in New York City was attacked on two fronts: an angry report by the American Jewish Congress on de facto segregated schools, an exciting new effort by the city's board of education to uplift such schools...
...page report that the segregated Negro and Puerto Rican children are as much as three years behind in their studies because of sagging morale and poorly qualified teachers. Equally discouraging is the ironic fact that New York is the only Northern city with a real blueprint for solving de facto segregation...