Word: facto
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...American social and political processes well before the evolution of contemporary affirmative action polices for Blacks. Hispanics, and women. While not usually declared as preferential practices for a given class of persons (though occupational and educational preferences for war veterans were and are so declared), what I call de facto affirmative action amounts to very much the same thing. And, like current practices, the de facto variety had a morally and politically valid rationale surrounding them--they serve the ends of justice and equality in a society that has always been innicent enough to proclaim candidly that each citizen warrants...
...less conspiratorial than a Marxist working class organization whose success is entirely dependent upon the open and widest dissemination of its views. The FBI's agreement to change its definition of the Spartacist League implicitly but clearly spikes the government's deadly definition--that all political opponents are de facto terrorists. It is a modest but genuine blow to the new McCarthyism...
These days it takes a botched or otherwise unusual execution to grab public attention. Executions have become so frequent they are usually relegated to a couple of column inches on the inside pages of morning newspapers. From the end of the de facto ten-year moratorium on capital punishment in 1977 through last year, only eleven Americans were put to death legally. Stephens' execution last week, however, was the 20th this year. Not since 1963 have the states executed so many people. Next year the rate of executions seems sure to quicken, perhaps to one a week: by most...
Washington will maintain its public position of neutrality in the Iraq-Iran conflict; it has had no diplomatic relations with Iran since ties were broken in 1980 during the hostage crisis. At best, recognition of Iraq will create a de facto axis linking Washington, Baghdad and Moscow, which is Iraq's ally, that could help bring Iran to the bargaining table...
...motive for seeking to overthrow Suazo remains in doubt, but law-enforcement sources speculate that the conspirators wanted to reinstate General Gustavo Alvarez Martinez, who was deposed last spring as armed forces commander and de facto leader of the country by the current regime. Bueso Rosa, the former Honduran Army Chief of Staff, was demoted and sent to Chile after Alvarez's deposal...