Word: facto
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...mark, in fact, is no longer an ordinary currency; it has become the de facto leader of a whole block of currencies issued by countries that make up an unofficial "Deutsche Mark zone." Include the Dutch guilder, the Belgian franc, the Luxembourg franc, the Danish, Swedish and Norwegian kroner, the Swiss franc and the Austrian schilling. They tend to rise and fall with the mark, so the mark's strength has pushed the value of the dollar down against all of them...
When The Crimson profiled Hugh Calkins '45 five years ago, his was a rapidly rising star both at Harvard and in his hometown of Cleveland. The newest face on the Corporation during the turmoil of 1969, Calkins soon became the best known, taking over as de facto public spokesman for the administration. His urbane wit supplanted the isolated and hostile President Pusey on local TV shows and in frequent meetings around the University...
Even the elimination of the distinction between de facto and de jure segregation is not enough. In a society of increasing polarization and escalating inner hostility, the meaning of equal educational opportunity must change. The Warren Court's judgement, maintained to this day, that segregation leads to inferior education for blacks alone, is paternalistic; that black children can receive a proper education only when exposed to whites is unpalatable...
...perception is stated in appropriate terms, but its scope is unfortunately restricted. A concentration of children from wealthy, white suburban schools will also give them less "mutual stimulation" than will classmates with mixed backgrounds. De facto segregation deprives white children of their equal educational opportunity--the opportunity for exposure to different life styles and attitudes...
...DETROIT CASE illustrates the meaninglessness of the distinction between de jure and de facto segregation. The city is a doughnut by fact, not by law. But it is the mere fact of its doughnutness that deprives the children of both the inner city and the suburbs of an equal education. The court should declare the de facto situation in Detroit unconstitutional and order a metropolitan solution for it and all urban centers with similar racial patterns. Only such a decision, with effects as far-reaching as Brown's, will ensure that both races become educated in the broadest sense...