Word: facto
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...from 1961 onward while pretending that it was not a civil war. In conjunction with these moves, policy-makers sought to explain such involvement to the American people by developing a public description of what was at stake in Vietnam that bore little relevance to reality but created, de facto, a new reality through rhetorical escalation; in other words, Vietnam became of supreme importance largely because we said it was of supreme importance...
...sure, Nixon did not rule out all busing. About 40% of U.S. schoolchildren would continue riding the ubiquitous yellow machines, most for reasons of distance, not race. Thus a city like Boston, which sends 85% of its students to high school by bus or public transportation and maintains de facto school segregation (TIME, April 3), probably could integrate with no increase in busing-not that it wants to. Small towns where all children walk to school could balance schools racially by following the example of Westfield, N.J., which integrated its schools simply by reassigning blacks to white schools and hiring...
Boston's record of de facto school segregation is as bad as any in the nation, and President Nixon's call for a moratorium on new busing will undoubtedly strengthen the resistance. Boston's school committee has used several means to avoid integration. One of its favorites was the rule of "open enrollment," which theoretically (but only theoretically) permitted any student to transfer to any school that had an empty seat. But the main tactic, and the main rallying cry of the school committee's then-Chairman Louise Day Hicks, was to argue that the "neighborhood...
...former Dean of the Harvard Law School (1946-67). Irwin Griswold, responded to this position in the government's brief with the astounding argument that the composition of local boards does not "deprive the orders of the local boards of legal effect because...they are acts of a de facto political authority." In other words, draft hoards are above their own laws...
...facto forced labor persisted in Angola, much as it did in Protugal itself, where Salazar's police state forbade the right to organize or strike. Angolan workers were even exported to South Africa to work in the diamond mines...