Word: facto
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...confusion caused by the Administration's ambivalence on integration is best demonstrated by the beleaguered community of Pasadena, Calif. It was one of the first non-Southern school districts to be sued by the Justice Department for deliberately perpetuating de facto segregation?school imbalances resulting from residential racial patterns. Federal Judge Manuel Real found that Pasadena had failed to carry out integration plans and must act to eliminate segregation. School officials risked community wrath by deciding not to appeal the decision. But School Superintendent Ralph Hornbeck is understandably irritated. "It seems impossible to meet the court's criteria without compulsory...
...blistering attack on Northern hypocrisy, the nature and precise scope of existing U.S. law on race and the schools have largely been obscured. At issue are two sets of vital distinctions: the difference between integration and desegregation, and that between de jure, or governmentally imposed, and de facto, or accidental residential segregation...
Some twelve Northern states have adopted legislation dealing with de facto segregation, but judicial opinion remains divided. U.S. Appeals Court Judge J. Skelly Wright ruled in a 1967 case involving Washington, D.C., that de facto segregation is just as illegal as that imposed by local law. Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Alfred Gitelson, noting that the result of segregation was the same regardless of the cause, partly brushed aside the distinction between the two types in a decision last month. He gave the Los Angeles Board of Education until June 1 to come up with a master plan...
...Supreme Court has thus far done nothing to resolve the issue. Persistently refusing to rule, it has turned down a chance to decide-and make new law-on a dozen cases involving de facto segregation. Its action therefore leaves judges and politicians alike with the impression that it believes such segregation to be constitutional. And so it will be, until and unless the court rules otherwise...
...opting Wallace. The idea of Stennis' amendment is formally correct. Morally, there should be no distinction between the legally established dual educational systems of the South and the school segregation of the North, usually resulting, de facto, from housing patterns. Yet the idea is also subversive. The de facto separation of the North has still not been declared unconstitutional by the courts. Assaulting it across the board would represent a virtually impossible enforcement problem in many cities, whereas the de jure segregation of the South could legally be broken down. If the Stennis amendment became official policy, it would...