Word: facto
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Even though a meeting will probably be held on Aug. 15, little hope can be held out for any real progress. The NAACP's first objective is to obtain an admission from the School Committee that de facto segregation exists in the local school system. Both Mrs. Hicks and School Committeeman Thomas Eisenstadt have already indicated they will not reverse their refusal to recognize such a charge...
...Attack. The experience of New Rochelle is a case history in a development that is spreading across the Northern U.S.: a movement against de facto segregation of schools. Victory in New Rochelle spurred the N.A.A.C.P. to a successful attack on de facto school segregation last year in a dozen Northern communities, from Coatesville, Pa., to Eloy, Ariz. This summer it is "mobilizing direct action" in 70 cities throughout 18 Northern and Western states. School boards are responding, and many a change will have been made by September. All kinds of tools are being tried. Samples...
Fears & Illusions. All these changes stir deep fears and emotions. Negroes, demanding more than token integration, have lately attacked de facto segregation by street-marching protests in Los Angeles and Philadelphia, "study-ins" at the white schools of Englewood, N.J., sit-ins at the boards of education of New York and Chicago. Whites envision their neighborhood schools being flooded with poorly prepared Negro pupils, or their own children being forced to "integrate" Negro slum schools. A feeling of "discrimination against the majority" has sparked reactions like that of white parents in Montclair, N.J., who filed a federal suit under...
...behind the stresses and strains is a consensus, by many school authorities, some courts and most Negroes, that de facto segregation must go. The problem is to break the low-income Negro's vicious circle of slum birth to slum school to bad education to low-paid job and parenthood of more slum children. The widely accepted premise is that the circle can and must be broken at the school stage. Equally important is that segregated neighborhood schools refute the original aim of Horace Mann's "common school," strengthening democracy by serving all races, creeds and classes. Integrationists...
...State Commissioner of Education Frederick M. Raubinger, "a stigma is attached to attending a school whose enrollment is completely or exclusively Negro, and this sense of sting and resulting feeling of inferiority has an undesirable effect on attitudes related to successful training." Raubinger has issued orders to end de facto segregation in three New Jersey communities. In the same vein, a former foe of "social engineering via bussing," Dr. John Fischer, president of Columbia's Teachers College, warns that schools must "take positive action to bring Negro children into the mainstream of American cultural activity." And in California...